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<p><a href="elma365-on-premises.html">BRIX On-Premises</a> &gt; Other &gt; BRIX maintenance / PostgreSQL performance diagnostics in Yandex cloud</p>
<p><a href="elma365-on-premises.html">ELMA365 On-Premises</a> &gt; Дополнительно &gt; Обслуживание ELMA365 / Диагностика производительности PostgreSQL в Yandex Cloud</p>
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<div class="topic__title"><h1 class="p_Heading1"><span class="f_Heading1">PostgreSQL performance diagnostics in Yandex cloud</span></h1>
<div class="topic__title"><h1 class="p_Heading1"><span class="f_Heading1">Диагностика производительности PostgreSQL в Yandex Cloud</span></h1>
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<!-- Placeholder for topic body. -->
<p class="p_Normal">Yandex Cloud provides a unique environment for hosting PostgreSQL databases with monitoring, logging, and performance diagnostic tools. This article explores the Yandex Cloud settings.</p>
<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Monitoring</span></h2>
<p class="p_Normal">To detect issues affecting system performance, analyze host and cluster graphs. Pay attention to anomalies in the data.</p>
<p class="p_Normal">To view host graphs, navigate to the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hosts</span> &gt; <span style="font-weight: bold;">Monitoring</span> section in the Yandex Cloud interface:</p>
<p class="p_Normal"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-1" title="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-1" width="1011" height="820" style="margin:0;width:1011px;height:820px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-1.png"/></p>
<p class="p_Normal">Cluster graphs are located in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Monitoring</span> section. </p>
<p class="p_Normal"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-2" title="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-2" width="1015" height="819" style="margin:0;width:1015px;height:819px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-2.png"/></p>
<p class="p_Normal">Performance issues often coincide with an increase in the number of connections. Therefore, check the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Total pooler connections</span> graph. During performance slowdowns, the number of connection pools may sharply increase because applications attempt to handle the entire workload by creating parallel pools.</p>
<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Log analysis</span></h2>
<p class="p_Normal">To identify issues in the database, use the Yandex Cloud <span style="font-weight: bold;">Logs</span> section. </p>
<p class="p_Normal">To collect logs of slow queries, in the cluster settings, in the field <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shared preload libraries</span> &nbsp;select and enable the module <code><b>auto_explain</b></code>, &nbsp;and configure the parameters:</p>
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="white-space: normal; page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">auto_explain.log_min_duration</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">1000;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Log queries taking more than 1000 milliseconds</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">auto_explain.log_analyze</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><span class="f_CodeExample">;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Log output of EXPLAIN ANALYZE command</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">auto_explain.log_buffers</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><span class="f_CodeExample">;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Enable buffer usage statistics</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">log_min_duration_statement</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">1000;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Log queries taking more than 1000 milliseconds</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">log_min_duration_sample</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">100;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Sample commands with a duration of at least a certain time.</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">log_statement_sample_rate</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">0.5</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Determines the fraction of commands with a duration reaching log_min_duration_sample to be logged in the journal.</span></p>
<p class="p_Normal"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-3" title="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-3" width="803" height="256" style="margin:0;width:803px;height:256px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-3.png"/></p>
<p class="p_Normal">In the logs, pay attention to errors:</p>
<p class="p_Normal">Yandex Cloud предоставляет уникальное окружение для хостинга баз данных PostgreSQL со средствами мониторинга, логирования и диагностики производительности. В статье рассматриваются настройки Yandex Cloud.</p>
<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Мониторинг</span></h2>
<p class="p_Normal">Чтобы обнаружить проблемы, влияющие на производительность системы, проанализируйте графики хоста и кластера. Обратите внимание на аномалии в данных.</p>
<p class="p_Normal">Для просмотра графиков хоста перейдите в раздел <span style="font-weight: bold;">Хосты &gt; Мониторинг</span> в интерфейсе Yandex Cloud:</p>
<p class="p_Normal"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-1" width="809" height="656" style="margin:0;width:809px;height:656px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-1.png"/></p>
<p class="p_Normal">Графики кластера расположены в разделе <span style="font-weight: bold;">Мониторинг</span>:</p>
<p class="p_Normal"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-2" width="812" height="655" style="margin:0;width:812px;height:655px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-2.png"/></p>
<p class="p_Normal">Часто проблемы производительности сопровождаются ростом числа подключений. Поэтому проверьте график <span style="font-weight: bold;">Total pooler connections</span>. При замедлении производительности количество пулов соединений резко вырастет, потому что приложения будут пытаться выполнить весь объём работ, создавая параллельные пулы.</p>
<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Анализ логов</span></h2>
<p class="p_Normal">Чтобы найти проблемы в базе данных, используйте раздел <span style="font-weight: bold;">Логи</span> Yandex Cloud.</p>
<p class="p_Normal">Для сбора логов медленных запросов в настройках кластера в поле <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shared preload libraries</span> выберите и включите модуль <code><b>auto_explain</b></code>, а также настройте параметры:</p>
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="white-space: normal; page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">auto_explain.log_min_duration</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">1000;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##будут</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">записываться</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">запросы,</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">выполняющиеся</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">более</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">1000</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">миллисекунд</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">auto_explain.log_analyze</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><span class="f_CodeExample">;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##будет</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">записываться</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">вывод</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">команды</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">EXPLAIN</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">ANALYZE</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">auto_explain.log_buffers</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><span class="f_CodeExample">;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##включение</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">статистики</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">об</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">использовании</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">буферов</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">log_min_duration_statement</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">1000;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##журналирование</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">запросов,</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">выполняющихся</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">более</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">1000</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">миллисекунд</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">log_min_duration_sample</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">100;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##позволяет</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">сделать</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">выборку</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">по</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">продолжительности</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">команд,</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">которые</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">выполнялись</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">не</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">менее</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">чем</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">определённое</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">время.</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">log_statement_sample_rate</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">0.5</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##определяет,</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">какая</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">доля</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">команд</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">с</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">длительностью,</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">достигшей</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">log_min_duration_sample,</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">будет</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">регистрироваться</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">в</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">журнале.</span></p>
<p class="p_Normal"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-3" width="803" height="256" style="margin:0;width:803px;height:256px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-3.png"/></p>
<p class="p_Normal">В логах обратите внимание на ошибки:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
<li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">statement duration</span> — slow queries;</li><li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">query plans</span> — query plans.</li></ul>
<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Performance diagnostics</span></h2>
<p class="p_Normal">To perform diagnostics:</p>
<li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">statement duration</span> — медленные запросы;</li><li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">query plans</span> — планы запросов.</li></ul>
<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Диагностика производительности</span></h2>
<p class="p_Normal">Чтобы провести диагностику:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
<li class="p_Normal">In the user settings, in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Grants </span>field, elevate the permission level to <code><b>mdb_admin</b></code>;</li><li class="p_Normal">In the database settings, enable extensions.</li></ul>
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="white-space: normal; page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">pg_stat_statements</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##The module collects statistics on executed SQL queries, including their text, execution time, and call count</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">pg_stat_kcache</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##The module monitors the state of the operating system cache used by PostgreSQL</span></p>
<p class="p_Normal">In the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Performance Diagnostics</span> section in the Yandex Cloud interface presents graphical representations of various data:</p>
<li class="p_Normal">в настройках пользователя в поле <span style="font-weight: bold;">Grants</span> повысьте уровень прав до <code><b>mdb_admin</b></code>;</li><li class="p_Normal">в настройках базы данных включите расширения.</li></ul>
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="white-space: normal; page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">pg_stat_statements</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##модуль</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">позволяет</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">собирать</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">статистику</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">о</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">выполненных</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">SQL-запросах,</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">включая</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">их</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">текст,</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">время</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">выполнения</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">и</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">количество</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">вызовов</span><br />
<span class="f_CodeExample">pg_stat_kcache</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##модуль</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">позволяет</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">мониторить</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">состояние</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">кеша</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">операционной</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">системы,</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">используемого</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">PostgreSQL</span></p>
<p class="p_Normal">В разделе <span style="font-weight: bold;">Диагностика производительности</span> интерфейса Yandex Cloud представлены следующие сведения:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
<li class="p_Normal">Graphical data representation. The number of executions between collection intervals, query execution time, number of result rows, buffer usage information, time spent on input-output operations, and so on;<br />
<img alt="yandex-cloud-4" width="2080" height="998" style="margin:0;width:2080px;height:998px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-4.png"/></li><li class="p_Normal">query plan text;<br />
<img alt="yandex-cloud-5" width="964" height="399" style="margin:0;width:964px;height:399px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-5.png"/></li><li class="p_Normal">visual plan representation;<br />
<img alt="yandex-cloud-6" width="631" height="796" style="margin:0;width:631px;height:796px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-6.png"/></li></ul>
<p class="p_Normal">&nbsp;</p>
<li class="p_Normal">графическое отображение данных <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,Georgia,serif;">—</span> число выполнений между интервалами сбора, время выполнения запроса, число строк результата запроса, информация об использовании буферов, время на операции ввода-вывода и т. д.;</li></ul>
<p class="p_Normal" style="margin: 0 0 0 13px;"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-4" width="807" height="387" style="margin:0;width:807px;height:387px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-4.png"/></p>
<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
<li class="p_Normal">текст плана запроса;</li></ul>
<p class="p_Normal" style="margin: 0 0 0 13px;"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-5" width="809" height="417" style="margin:0;width:809px;height:417px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-5.png"/></p>
<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
<li class="p_Normal">визуализация плана.</li></ul>
<p class="p_Normal" style="margin: 0 0 0 14px;"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-6" width="807" height="1072" style="margin:0;width:807px;height:1072px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-6.png"/></p>
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