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<div class="topic__title"><h1 class="p_Heading1"><span class="f_Heading1">PostgreSQL performance diagnostics in Yandex cloud</span></h1>
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<p class="p_Normal">Yandex Cloud provides a unique environment for hosting PostgreSQL databases with monitoring, logging, and performance diagnostic tools. This article explores the Yandex Cloud settings.</p>
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<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Monitoring</span></h2>
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<p class="p_Normal">To detect issues affecting system performance, analyze host and cluster graphs. Pay attention to anomalies in the data.</p>
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<p class="p_Normal">To view host graphs, navigate to the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hosts</span> > <span style="font-weight: bold;">Monitoring</span> section in the Yandex Cloud interface:</p>
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<p class="p_Normal"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-1" title="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-1" width="1011" height="820" style="margin:0;width:1011px;height:820px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-1.png"/></p>
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<p class="p_Normal">Cluster graphs are located in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Monitoring</span> section. </p>
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<p class="p_Normal"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-2" title="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-2" width="1015" height="819" style="margin:0;width:1015px;height:819px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-2.png"/></p>
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<p class="p_Normal">Performance issues often coincide with an increase in the number of connections. Therefore, check the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Total pooler connections</span> graph. During performance slowdowns, the number of connection pools may sharply increase because applications attempt to handle the entire workload by creating parallel pools.</p>
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<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Log analysis</span></h2>
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<p class="p_Normal">To identify issues in the database, use the Yandex Cloud <span style="font-weight: bold;">Logs</span> section. </p>
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<p class="p_Normal">To collect logs of slow queries, in the cluster settings, in the field <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shared preload libraries</span> select and enable the module <code><b>auto_explain</b></code>, and configure the parameters:</p>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="white-space: normal; page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">auto_explain.log_min_duration</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">1000;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Log queries taking more than 1000 milliseconds</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">auto_explain.log_analyze</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><span class="f_CodeExample">;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Log output of EXPLAIN ANALYZE command</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">auto_explain.log_buffers</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><span class="f_CodeExample">;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Enable buffer usage statistics</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">log_min_duration_statement</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">1000;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Log queries taking more than 1000 milliseconds</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">log_min_duration_sample</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">100;</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Sample commands with a duration of at least a certain time.</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">log_statement_sample_rate</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">=</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">0.5</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##Determines the fraction of commands with a duration reaching log_min_duration_sample to be logged in the journal.</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal"><img alt="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-3" title="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-3" width="803" height="256" style="margin:0;width:803px;height:256px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-postgresql-performance-diagnostics-3.png"/></p>
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<p class="p_Normal">In the logs, pay attention to errors:</p>
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<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
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<li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">statement duration</span> — slow queries;</li><li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">query plans</span> — query plans.</li></ul>
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<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Performance diagnostics</span></h2>
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<p class="p_Normal">To perform diagnostics:</p>
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<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
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<li class="p_Normal">In the user settings, in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Grants </span>field, elevate the permission level to <code><b>mdb_admin</b></code>;</li><li class="p_Normal">In the database settings, enable extensions.</li></ul>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="white-space: normal; page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">pg_stat_statements</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##The module collects statistics on executed SQL queries, including their text, execution time, and call count</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">pg_stat_kcache</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span><span class="f_CodeExample">##The module monitors the state of the operating system cache used by PostgreSQL</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal">In the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Performance Diagnostics</span> section in the Yandex Cloud interface presents graphical representations of various data:</p>
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<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
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<li class="p_Normal">Graphical data representation. The number of executions between collection intervals, query execution time, number of result rows, buffer usage information, time spent on input-output operations, and so on;<br />
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<img alt="yandex-cloud-4" width="2080" height="998" style="margin:0;width:2080px;height:998px;border:none" src="yandex-cloud-4.png"/></li><li class="p_Normal">query plan text;<br />
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