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<p><a href="elma365-on-premises.html">BRIX On-Premises</a> > <a href="infrastructure-preparation.html">Prepare infrastructure</a> > Databases > High availability infrastructure / MongoDB cluster</p>
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<div class="topic__title"><h1 class="p_Heading1"><span class="f_Heading1">MongoDB cluster</span></h1>
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<p class="p_Normal">For the correct operation of the system, MongoDB version 3.6–6.0 is required. The article describes the installation of MongoDB 6.0 for the Ubuntu Linux 22.04 OS. You can also refer to the guide in the <a href="https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/installation/" target="_blank" class="weblink">official MongoDB documentation</a>.</p>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">начало внимание</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal" style="line-height: 1.57;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">In this example, the database name is </span><span style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold;">elma365</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">, the user is </span><span style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold;">elma365</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">, and the password is </span><span style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold;">SecretPassword</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">. When configuring the cluster, set these data according to the security policy adopted in your organization</span>.</p>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">конец внимание</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal" style="line-height: 1.20;">The installation consists of 7 steps:</p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:decimal">
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<li value="1" class="p_Normal"><a href="configure-mongodb.html#preparation-node" class="topiclink">Prepare the nodes (servers)</a>.</li><li value="2" class="p_Normal"><a href="configure-mongodb.html#installation-mongodb" class="topiclink">Install MongoDB</a>.</li><li value="3" class="p_Normal"><a href="configure-mongodb.html#setting-mongodb" class="topiclink">Configure MongoDB</a>.</li><li value="4" class="p_Normal"><a href="configure-mongodb.html#setting-connection-to-mongodb" class="topiclink">Configure connection to MongoDB</a>.</li><li value="5" class="p_Normal"><a href="configure-mongodb.html#initialization-replica" class="topiclink">Initialize the replica</a>.</li><li value="6" class="p_Normal"><a href="configure-mongodb.html#safety-mongodb" class="topiclink">MongoDB security</a>.</li><li value="7" class="p_Normal"><a href="configure-mongodb.html#connection-to-mongodb" class="topiclink">Connect to MongoDB</a>.</li></ol>
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<h2 class="p_Heading2"><a id="preparation-node" class="hmanchor"></a><span class="f_Heading2">Step 1: Prepare the nodes (servers)</span></h2>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">Начало внимание</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal">The minimum number of servers to organize a cluster is three.</p>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">Конец внимание</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="1" class="p_Normal">Create three nodes (servers) with sequentially numbered host name:</li></ol>
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<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
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<li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">mongodb-server1.your_domain</span>;</li><li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">mongodb-server2.your_domain</span>;</li><li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">mongodb-server3.your_domain</span>.</li></ul>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="2">
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<li value="2" class="p_Normal">Create the necessary host name mappings in DNS. If this is not possible, add the required entries to<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><code><b>/etc/hosts</b></code>.</li></ol>
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<h2 class="p_Heading2"><a id="installation-mongodb" class="hmanchor"></a><span class="f_Heading2">Step 2: Install MongoDB</span></h2>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="1" class="p_Normal">To install MongoDB on each node, add the official repository::</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo apt-get install gnupg</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">curl -fsSL </span><span class="f_CodeExample">https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-6.0.asc | sudo gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg --dearmor</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/6.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">sudo apt-get update</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="2" class="p_Normal">Install MongoDB on each node:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo apt install mongodb-org</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="3" class="p_Normal">Start MongoDB on each node:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo systemctl enable --now mongod</span></p>
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<h2 class="p_Heading2"><a id="setting-mongodb" class="hmanchor"></a><span class="f_Heading2">Step 3: Configure MongoDB</span></h2>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">начало примечание</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal">For the password, the following characters are allowed:</p>
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<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
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<li class="p_Normal">Uppercase Latin letters: A to Z</li><li class="p_Normal">Lowercase Latin letters: a to z</li><li class="p_Normal">Digits: 0 to 9</li><li class="p_Normal">Symbols: -_</li></ul>
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<p class="p_Normal">Reserved (invalid) symbols:</p>
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<p class="p_Normal">! * ' ( ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? % # [ ]</p>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">конец примечание</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal">The following actions are performed on the<span style="font-weight: bold;"> mongodb-server1.your_domain </span>node:</p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="1" class="p_Normal">Enter <span style="font-weight: bold;">mongosh</span> (Command Line Interface) and create a database:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">mongosh</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="2" class="p_Normal">Use the elma365 database. If the database is missing, create it:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">use elma365</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="3" class="p_Normal">Create a separate user <span style="font-weight: bold;">elma365</span> to work with the database with the password <span style="font-weight: bold;">SecretPassword</span>. The username and password are provided for example purposes::</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">db.createUser({user:'elma365', pwd:'SecretPassword', roles:[{role:"readWrite", db:"elma365"},{"role":"root", "db":"admin"}]})</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="4" class="p_Normal">Ensure the user is created:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">show users</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="5" class="p_Normal">Create a superuser to enable authentication:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">use admin</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">db.createUser({user:'superuser', pwd:'SecretPassword', roles: ["root"]})</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="6" class="p_Normal">Ensure the user is created:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">show users</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="7">
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<li value="7" class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;">Finish the configuration:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">exit</span></p>
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<h2 class="p_Heading2"><a id="setting-connection-to-mongodb" class="hmanchor"></a><span class="f_Heading2">Step 4: Configure connection to MongoDB</span></h2>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="1" class="p_Normal">Make changes to the configuration file <code><b>/etc/mongod.conf</b></code> on each node:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo nano /etc/mongod.conf</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="2">
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<li value="2" class="p_Normal">Configure the variable values:</li></ol>
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<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
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<li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">bindIp</span> is the list of addresses from which connections on port 27017 can be accepted (in this case, it makes the MongoDB service accessible from all external addresses).</li></ul>
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<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
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<li class="p_Normal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">replSetName</span> is the replica name, by default <span style="font-weight: bold;">rs0</span>. </li></ul>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">. . .</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample"># network interfaces</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">net:</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample"> port: 27017</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample"> bindIp: 0.0.0.0</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">. . .</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">replication:</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample"> replSetName: "rs0"</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample"> enableMajorityReadConcern: </span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample">. . .</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal"><a class="dropdown-toggle" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;" href="javascript:HMToggle('toggle','TOGGLE0186A1')">Configuring TLS/SSL in MongoDB</a></p>
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<div id="TOGGLE0186A1" class="dropdown-toggle-body" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0; line-height: 1.80; padding: 0 0 0 0; margin: 0 0 0 0;"><table style="border:none; border-spacing:0;">
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<tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0; border:none"><p class="p_Normal"> <br />
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To enable TLS/SSL support in MongoDB, follow these steps:</p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:decimal">
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<li value="1" class="p_Normal">Prepare a fullchain certificate. See the <a href="fullchain-sertificate.html" class="topiclink">Create a fullchain certificate</a> article for instructions on how to do this.</li><li value="2" class="p_Normal">Copy the contents of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">your_domain.key</span> private key into <span style="font-weight: bold;">mongodb.pem</span>:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">cat your_domain.key > mongodb.pem</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:decimal" start="3">
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<li value="3" class="p_Normal">Copy the contents of the fullchain certificate into <span style="font-weight: bold;">mongodb.pem</span>.</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">cat fullchain_your_domain.pem >> mongodb.pem</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:decimal" start="4">
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<li value="4" class="p_Normal">Add a configuration block for net on each node. In the <span style="font-weight: bold;">net.tls.certificateKeyFile</span> parameter, specify the path to the <span style="font-weight: bold;">PEM</span> file containing the fullchain certificates and associated private keys. Each node has unique domain names, and certificates must be issued for each node.</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">net:</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample"> tls:</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample"> mode: requireTLS</span><br />
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<span class="f_CodeExample"> certificateKeyFile: /path/to/mongodb.pem</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal"> <br />
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For more detailed information on configuring TLS/SSL in MongoDB, refer to the <a href="https://www.mongodb.com/docs/v5.0/tutorial/configure-ssl/" target="_blank" class="weblink">official MongoDB documentation</a>.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p class="p_Normal"> </p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="3">
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<li value="3" class="p_Normal">Restart MongoDB on each node for the changes to take effect:</li></ol>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo systemctl restart mongod</span></p>
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<h2 class="p_Heading2"><a id="initialization-replica" class="hmanchor"></a><span class="f_Heading2">Step 5: Initialize the replica</span></h2>
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<p class="p_Normal">The following actions are performed on the<span style="font-weight: bold;"> mongodb-server1.your_domain </span>node:</p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
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<li value="1" class="p_Normal">Open the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mongosh</span> console for configuration.</li></ol>
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<p class="p_Normal">To connect to MongoDB, execute the following command:</p>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo mongosh -u superuser admin</span></p>
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<p class="p_Normal">To connect to MongoDB with TLS/SSL enabled:</p>
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<p class="p_CodeExample" style="white-space: normal; page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo mongosh -u superuser --tls --host mongodb-server1.your_domain --tlsCAFile /etc/ssl/CA.pem</span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="2">
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<li value="2" class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;">Initialize the replica:</li></ol>
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||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="white-space: normal; page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">rs.initiate({ _id: "rs0", members: [{ _id: 0, host: "mongodb-server1.your_domain" },{ _id: 1, host: "mongodb-server2.your_domain" },{ _id: 2, host: "mongodb-server3.your_domain" }]})</span></p>
|
||
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="3">
|
||
<li value="3" class="p_Normal">Check the configuration: </li></ol>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">rs.conf()</span></p>
|
||
<h2 class="p_Heading2"><a id="safety-mongodb" class="hmanchor"></a><span class="f_Heading2">Step 6: MongoDB security</span></h2>
|
||
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
|
||
<li value="1" class="p_Normal">Create and specify permissions for the file with the shared authentication key. All <span style="font-weight: bold;">Replica Set</span> members will use this key to communicate with each other:</li></ol>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">openssl rand -base64 756 > /var/lib/mongodb/keyfile</span><br />
|
||
<span class="f_CodeExample">chmod 400 /var/lib/mongodb/keyfile</span><br />
|
||
<span class="f_CodeExample">chown mongodb:mongodb /var/lib/mongodb/keyfile</span></p>
|
||
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="2">
|
||
<li value="2" class="p_Normal">Copy the key file to each replica.</li></ol>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">начало внимание</span></p>
|
||
<p class="p_Normal">The contents of the key file on all nodes must be identical while preserving access rights.</p>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">конец внимание</span></p>
|
||
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="3">
|
||
<li value="3" class="p_Normal">Enable secure access to the MongoDB server if it is in an open zone.</li><li value="4" class="p_Normal">To configure, edit the <code><b>/etc/mongod.conf</b></code> file on each of the servers. The lines should look like this:</li></ol>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">. . .</span><br />
|
||
<span class="f_CodeExample">setParameter:</span><br />
|
||
<span class="f_CodeExample"> enableLocalhostAuthBypass: </span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="font-weight: bold;">false</span><br />
|
||
<span class="f_CodeExample">security:</span><br />
|
||
<span class="f_CodeExample"> authorization: "enabled"</span><br />
|
||
<span class="f_CodeExample"> keyFile: /</span><span class="f_CodeExample" style="font-weight: bold;">var</span><span class="f_CodeExample">/lib/mongodb/keyfile</span><br />
|
||
<span class="f_CodeExample">. . .</span></p>
|
||
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="4">
|
||
<li value="4" class="p_Normal">Restart MongoDB on each node:</li></ol>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo systemctl restart mongod</span></p>
|
||
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="5">
|
||
<li value="5" class="p_Normal">Open the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mongosh</span> console using the user for MongoDB access.</li></ol>
|
||
<p class="p_Normal">To connect to MongoDB, execute the command:</p>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="white-space: normal; page-break-inside: auto;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo mongosh -u superuser</span></p>
|
||
<p class="p_Normal">To connect to MongoDB with TLS/SSL enabled:</p>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">sudo mongosh -u superuser --tls --host mongodb-server1.your_domain --tlsCAFile /etc/ssl/CA.pem</span></p>
|
||
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" start="6">
|
||
<li value="6" class="p_Normal">Check the configuration: </li></ol>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">rs.conf()</span></p>
|
||
<h2 class="p_Heading2"><a id="connection-to-mongodb" class="hmanchor"></a><span class="f_Heading2">Step 7: Connect to MongoDB</span></h2>
|
||
<p class="p_Normal">Connection string to connect to MongoDB:</p>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">mongodb:</span><span class="f_CodeExample">//elma365:SecretPassword@mongodb-server1.your_domain:27017,mongodb-server2.your_domain:27017,mongodb-server3.your_domain:27017/elma365?replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=nearest&maxStalenessSeconds=120</span></p>
|
||
<p class="p_Normal">Connection string to connect to MongoDB with TLS/SSL:</p>
|
||
<p class="p_CodeExample" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><span class="f_CodeExample">mongodb</span><span class="f_CodeExample">://elma365:SecretPassword@mongodb-server1.your_domain:27017,mongodb-server2.your_domain:27017,mongodb-server3.your_domain:27017/elma365?ssl=true&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=nearest&maxStalenessSeconds=120</span></p>
|
||
<h2 class="p_Heading2"><span class="f_Heading2">Prepare a MongoDB database for restoration</span></h2>
|
||
<p class="p_Normal">If you need to restore a database from backup, first prepare the database for restoration. For more details, refer to the article <a href="mongodb.html#prepare-to-restore" class="topiclink">MongoDB</a>.</p>
|
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